Metastasis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate to bone marrow: A rare occurrence with review of literature

We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with multiple enlarged intraabdominal lymph nodes with lytic lesions over pelvic and lumbar vertebrae. His serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was markedly raised. Bone marrow investigation revealed the presence of diffuse infiltration of single cells having hyperchromatic nuclei, moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm, and eccentrically placed nuclei resembling signet ring cells. Hence, a diagnosis of metastatic signet cell carcinoma of prostate was made on bone marrow biopsy. This variant of prostatic carcinoma is very rare and accounts for only 2.5% of all prostatic adenoacarcinomas that make our case worth reporting. To emphasize the rare occurrence of this variant, we performed a Pubmed-based literature review of 25 years.

Effectiveness and safety of secukinumab in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: a 52-week real-life study in an Italian cohort

Abstract Background Secukinumab has shown high efficacy in randomized controlled trials in both ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here, we investigated its real-life effectiveness and tolerability in a cohort of AS and PsA patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of outpatients with AS or PsA treated with secukinumab between December 2017 and December 2019. ASDAS-CRP and DAS28-CRP scores were used to measure axial and peripheral disease activity in AS and PsA, respectively. Data were collected at baseline and after 8, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment. Results Eighty-five adult patients with active disease (29 with AS and 56 with PsA; 23 males and 62 females) were treated. Overall, mean disease duration was 6.7 years and biologic-naïve patients were 85%. Significant reductions in ASDAS-CRP and DAS28-CRP were observed at all time-points. Body weight (in AS) and disease activity status at baseline (particularly in PsA) significantly affected disease activity changes. ASDAS-defined inactive disease and DAS28-defined remission were achieved in comparable proportions between AS and PsA patients, at both 24 weeks (45% and 46%) and 52 weeks (65.5% and 68%, respectively); male sex was found an independent predictor of positive response (OR 5.16, P = 0.027). After 52 weeks, achievement of at least low disease activity and drug retention were observed in 75% of patients. Secukinumab was well-tolerated and only mild injection-site reactions were recorded in 4 patients. Conclusion In a real-world setting, secukinumab confirmed great effectiveness and safety in both AS and PsA patients. The influence of gender on treatment response deserves further attention.

Establishment and internal validation of a risk prediction model for urinary incontinence after transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To establish a model for predicting the risk of urinary incontinence after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 258 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent HoLEP in our hospital during Jan.2019 and Feb.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the occurrence of urinary incontinence after surgery, they were divided into the urinary incontinence group (n=84) and non-urinary incontinence group (n=174). Lasso regression was used to screen the predictors of urinary incontinence after HoLEP. Logistic regression was used to establish a suitable model, and a nomogram of urinary incontinence after HoLEP was drawn. Bootstrap was used to verify and draw the calibration curve of the model, calculate the C index, and draw the clinical decision curve to further verify the accuracy and identification ability of the model. 【Results】 Predictors including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life Score (QoL), body mass index (BMI), diabetes, prostate volume (PV), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were selected, based on which a prediction model was constructed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the prediction model was 0.766 0, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.704-0.828. Bootstrap internal validation showed a C-index of 0.766 2, and the calibration model curve coincided well with the actual model curve. The clinical decision curve analysis showed that the model had high accuracy, and net benefit in the probability of urinary incontinence was within 10% to 82%. 【Conclusion】 IPSS, QoL, diabetes, prostate volume, and PSA are predictors that can affect the occurrence of urinary incontinence after HoLEP. The model has high accuracy, identification ability and net benefit.

Prostate cancer with normal serum PSA: a report of 6 cases and literature review / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the clinical data of prostate cancer patients with normal PSA level confirmed with transperineal prostate biopsy or transurethral prostate surgery, in order to improve the diagnostic level of this disease. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 6 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The age,clinical manifestations, body mass index (BMI),prostate specific antigen density (PSAD),blood triglycerides,blood cholesterol,color ultrasound imaging,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),pathological types and Gleason scores were analyzed. The clinical characteristics and high-risk factors were summarized. 【Results】 Two cases were confirmed with prostate biopsy and four after prostate resection. Three patients had high blood triglycerides, three were negative for bone imaging, and the other three were not examined. PSAD was 0.017 to 1.215. Color ultrasound indicated that two cases had irregular morphology, two uneven echo, and one both irregular morphology and uneven echo; all six cases had calcification. In the three cases who received MRI, two had PIRADS4 nodules, one had PIRADS5 nodules, invasion of seminal vesicle, rectum, posterior wall of urinary bladder,bilateral thickening of NVB, and lymph nodes enlargement. Pathology suggested prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma in five cases, four of which had a Gleason score of 3+3=6 and one had 5+5=10; one case suggested a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. 【Conclusion】 The clinical detection rate is low for prostate cancer with normal PSA. The biopsy indications should be determined by combining the characteristics and high-risk factors to improve the detection rate.

Predictive value of isoform -2 proprostate-specific antigen and its derived indexes for prostate cancer patients with PSA 4-20 ng/mL / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the predictive value of isoform [-2] proprostate-specific antigen, p2 PSA (p2PSA) and its derived indexes for prostate cancer in a Chinese cohort with PSA 4-20 ng/mL. 【Methods】 A total of 139 males scheduled for biopsy were enrolled in the prospective study from Nov.2021 to Jun.2022. The total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), fPSA/tPSA (f/t) and p2PSA were collected, and the percentage of p2PSA(%p2PSA) and prostate health index(PHI) were calculated. The predictive value of p2PSA and its derived indexes were compared with traditional indexes with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Logistic analysis. 【Results】 Prostate cancer was found in 54 cases (38.8%). There were significant statistical differences in tPSA(10.68 vs.8.14, P=0.021), f/t(0.13 vs.0.16, P=0.006), p2PSA(30.25 vs.19.81, P<0.001), %p2PSA(21.52 vs.13.15, P<0.001) and PHI(64.3vs.38.2, P<0.001) between prostate cancer patients and non-prostate cancer patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of tPSA, fPSA, %fPSA, p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI were 0.63, 0.51, 0.63, 0.71, 0.73, and 0.80, respectively. The inclusion of %p2PSA and PHI significantly increased the prediction efficiency of the basic prediction model (AUCbase+PHI=0.81, AUCbase+%p2PSA=0.78, AUCbase=0.67). With 35 as the recommended cut-off value of PHI, the incidence of meaningless puncture was reduced by 25.8%(36/139). 【Conclusion】 The application of p2PSA and its derived indexes have good predictive value for patients with PSA 4-20 ng/mL. The combined detection of %p2PSA and PHI can significantly increase the detection efficiency of prostate cancer and reduce the incidence of meaningless prostate puncture by 25.8%.

Oxygen use in Atacama large millimeter and submillimeter (ALMA) arrays in Chajnantor valley at 5050 m / Uso de oxígeno en Atacama large millimeter and submillimeter (ALMA) en el valle de Chajnantor a 5050 m

The Chilean workforce has over 200,000 people that are intermittently exposed to altitudes over 4000 m. In 2012, the Ministry of Health provided a technical guide for high altitude workers that included a series of actions to mitigate the effects of hypoxia. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of oxygen enrichment at high altitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Arrays (ALMA) radiotelescope operate at 5,050 m (Array Operation Site, AOS) and is the only place in the world where Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Liquid Oxygen technologies have been installed at a large scale. Here we discuss our experience using oxygen supplementation at ALMA, to prevent the malaise and/or risks associated with exposure at 5,050 m. Antenna operators experienced chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH, shiftwork 8 days HA*6 days rest SL) over 4 years. Studies to define normal O2 saturation values were performed in OSF and AOS by continuous recording during the shift. The outcomes showed no differences between production procedures (PSA or Liquid oxygen) in regulating oxygen availability at AOS facilities. As a result, big-scale installations have difficulties reaching the appropriate oxygen concentration due to leaks in high mobility areas. In addition, the PSA plant requires adequation and maintenance to operate at a very high altitude.

La fuerza laboral chilena cuenta con más de 200.000 personas que están expuestas intermitentemente a altitudes superiores a los 4000 m. En 2012, el Ministerio de Salud entregó una guía técnica para trabajadores de altura que incluía una serie de acciones para mitigar los efectos de la hipoxia. Estudios anteriores han demostrado el efecto positivo del enriquecimiento de oxígeno en altitudes elevadas. El radiotelescopio Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Arrays (ALMA) opera a 5.050 m (Array Operation Site, AOS) y es el único lugar en el mundo donde se han instalado tecnologías de adsorción por cambio de presión (PSA) y oxígeno líquido a gran escala. Aquí discutimos nuestra experiencia usando suplementos de oxígeno en ALMA, para prevenir el malestar y/o los riesgos asociados con la exposición a 5.050 m. Los operadores de antena experimentaron hipoxia hipobárica intermitente crónica (CIHH, trabajo por turnos 8 días HA*6 días descanso SL) durante 4 años. Se realizaron estudios para definir valores normales de saturación de O2 en OSF y AOS mediante registro continuo durante el turno. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias entre los procedimientos de producción (PSA u oxígeno líquido) en la regulación de la disponibilidad de oxígeno en las instalaciones de AOS. Como resultado, las instalaciones a gran escala tienen dificultades para alcanzar la concentración de oxígeno adecuada debido a fugas en áreas de alta movilidad. Además, la planta de PSA requiere de adecuación y mantenimiento para operar a gran altura.

Índice de Salud Prostática (phi) / Prostate Health Index (phi)

El antígeno específico de próstata (PSA, del inglés, Prostate Specific Antigen) es una glicoproteína producida por la próstata, y es el marcador tumoral de mayor uso. Sin embargo, su baja especificidad para diferenciar entre cáncer de próstata y otras alteraciones no malignas, como la hipertrofia benigna de la próstata (HBP) y la prostatitis aguda, limitan su utilidad diagnóstica

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate and is the most widely used tumor marker. However, its low specificity to differentiate between prostate cancer and other non-malignant conditions, such as benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and acute prostatitis, limits its diagnostic utility

A flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of post-stroke aphasia types in the Chinese language and treatment of post-stroke aphasia / 中华老年医学杂志

This article aims to comprehensively review the concept, etiology, classification, classical cortical mapping, assessment, a proposed flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, mechanisms of development and recovery, prognosis, and influencing factors for post-stroke aphasia(PSA)types in the Chinese language.We emphasize the necessity and significance of neuroimaging assessment of the brain and blood vessels and neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese.We also recommend and encourage the use of the dichotomies of internal vs.external and anterior vs.posterior as a starting point, based on the association of anatomical locations of the brain and blood vessels with brain language areas and language disorders.A classification system of PSA in Chinese developed from this approach in the form of a flowchart is well-suited for guiding the clinical treatment of cerebral stroke.Incorporating the "four elements" , the flowchart enables convenient diagnosis, classification and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese and facilitates targeted and personalized rehabilitation planning to benefit the patient.This article introduces the use of memantine, piracetam, donepezil and other drugs for PSA treatment, evaluates clinical trials on memantine conducted in China and abroad and its mechanisms of action for the treatment of PSA, and discusses how rehabilitation therapy achieves therapeutic effects.For the treatment of PSA, clinical research and practice using drugs such as memantine, piracetam and donepezil in combination with non-pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation training should be promoted.

Antígeno prostático específico (PSA) relacionado al perfil antropométrico en pacientes del Hospital II Huamanga Carlos Tuppia García-Godos, EsSalud. Ayacucho

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del nivel de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) plasmático y PSA masa según riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas con el perfil antropométrico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio correlacional, de enfoque cuantitativo de dimensión transversal y retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 156 historias clínicas de pacientes varones, con pruebas de PSA y datos antropométricos. Para el análisis de la relación de las variables se utilizó la prueba Rho de Spearman, con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 67,85±10,83 años y presentaron un valor medio de PSA de 3,57±7,30 ng/mL. El 9,60 % (15 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo bajo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas (PSA = 4,1-9,90 ng/mL); el 5,10 % (8 individuos) mostró riesgo intermedio (PSA= 10-19,90 ng/mL); y el 3, 80 %(6 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo alto (PSA ≥20 ng/mL). El promedio del índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue 26,37±3,81 kg/m2 : 85 pacientes (54,50 %) tenían sobrepeso; y 18 (11,50 %), obesidad. La media de PSA masa fue14,89±30,50 μg; la superficie corporal (SC) se calculó en 3,93± 2,72 m2; y el volumen plasmático fue 4,18± 0,21 L. Se evidenció una correlación positiva muy baja entre el PSA plasmático y la edad (rho = 0,184; p = 0,022), así como con entre la PSA masa y la edad (rho = 0,176; p = 0,028). Se obtuvo una asociación positiva moderada entre el PSA plasmático y la superficie corporal (SC) (rho = 0,456; p = 0,000); y entre el PSA masa y SC (rho = 0,463; p = 0,000). No se encontró relación entre el IMC y el PSA. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la asociación entre el valor de PSA plasmático y PSA masa con el perfil antropométrico, según el riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas, que fue mayor con la superficie corporal y la edad.

Objective: To determine the association between plasma and mass prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the anthropometric profile, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies. Materials and methods: A correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted with a sample of 156 medical records of male patients with PSA tests and anthropometric data. Spearman's Rho with a 95 % confidence level was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results: The average age of the patients was 67.85 ± 10.83 years and their mean PSA value was 3.57 ± 7.30 ng/mL. Fifteen (15) patients (9.60 %) had a low risk (PSA = 4.1 - 9.90 ng/mL), eight (5.10 %) a medium risk (PSA = 10 - 19.90 ng/mL) and six (3.80 %) a high risk (PSA ≥ 20 ng/mL) of developing prostate pathologies. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.37 ± 3.81 kg/m2: 85 patients (54.50 %) were overweight and 18 (11.50 %) were obese. The mean mass PSA was 14.89 ± 30.50 μg, the body surface area (BSA) was 3.93 ± 2.72 m2 and the plasma volume was 4.18 ± 0.21 L. A very low positive correlation was evidenced between plasma PSA and age (rho = 0.184; p = 0.022) and between mass PSA and age (rho = 0.176; p = 0.028). There was a moderate positive association between plasma PSA and BSA (rho = 0.456; p = 0.000) and between mass PSA and BSA (rho = 0.463; p = 0.000). No relationship was found between BMI and PSA. Conclusions: The association between plasma and mass PSA levels and the anthropometric profile was demonstrated, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies, which increased with BSA and age.

Impacto de la obesidad en la agresividad del cáncer de próstata / Impact of obesity on the aggressiveness of prostate cancer / Impacto da obesidade na agressividade do câncer de próstata

RESUMEN El cáncer de próstata suele diagnosticarse tardíamente en obesos debido a que el exceso de tejido adiposo dificulta la detección del tumor al interferir en la exploración física (dificultad para realizar el tacto rectal) y en la confiabilidad de exámenes de diagnóstico complementarios como el Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA, por sus siglas en inglés), retardando de esta forma la realización de la biopsia prostática. Con el objetivo de identificar la relación entre la obesidad y la agresividad del cáncer de próstata al momento de su diagnóstico, se realizó un estudio transversal, analítico en 136 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata mediante biopsia transrectal, en el Hospital Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", de Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, desde el 1ro de enero de 2018 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. El análisis de asociación entre las variables (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC], PSA, Suma de Gleason y Estadio Clínico) se realizó a través de la prueba de Tukey y la U de Mann-Whitney. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 66,1 años. No se encontró asociación significativa entre el PSA y el IMC (p > 0,05), sin embargo, el valor del PSA mostró una tendencia a disminuir en la medida que aumentó el IMC. La suma de Gleason y el Estadio Clínico mostraron una asociación directa con el IMC, (p<0,003) y (p=0.000) respectivamente. Los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad fueron más propensos a presentar valores de PSA más bajos y mayor Gleason, manifestándose en estos un mayor riesgo de cáncer de próstata agresivo al momento del diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is often diagnosed late in obese because excess adipose tissue makes it difficult to detect the tumor by interfering with physical examination (difficulty performing rectal touch) and the reliability of complementary diagnostic tests such as Psa, the delaying prostate biopsy. In order to identify the relationship between obesity and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis, a cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 136 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy, at the Provincial Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The association analysis between the variables (Body Mass Index [BMI], PSA, Gleason Sum and Clinical Stage) was performed through the Mann-Whitney Tukey and U test. The average age of patients was 66.1 years. No significant association was found between PSA and BMI (p > 0.05), however, the psa value showed a tendency to decrease as BMI increased. The sum of Gleason and the Clinical Stadium showed a direct association with BMI, (p<0.003) and (p-0.000) respectively. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop lower PSA and higher Gleason values, with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis.

RESUMO O câncer de próstata é frequentemente diagnosticado tardiamente em obesidade porque o excesso de tecido adiposo dificulta a detecção do tumor interferindo no exame físico (dificuldade em realizar o toque retal) e a confiabilidade de exames diagnósticos complementares como psa, a biópsia da próstata retardando. Como objetivo de identificar a relação entre obesidade e agressividade do câncer de próstata no momento do diagnóstico, foi realizado umestudo transversal e analítico em 136 pacientes diagnosticados comcâncer de próstata por biópsiatransretal, no Hospital Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", bayamo, Granma, Cuba, de 1º de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. A análise de associação entre as variáveis (Índice de Massa Corporal [IMC], PSA, Gleason Sum e Estágio Clínico) foi realizada através do teste Mann-WhitneyTukey e U. A idademédia dos pacientes foi de 66,1 anos. Nãofoi encontrada associação significativa entre PSA e IMC (p > 0,05), porém, o valor do PSA apresentou tendência a diminuir à medida que o IMC aumentou. A soma de Gleason e do Estádio Clínico mostrou associação direta com o IMC, (p<0.003) e (p-0,000), respectivamente. Pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade foram mais propensos a desenvolver menores valores de PSA e Gleason mais elevados, commaior risco de câncer agressivo de próstata no momento do diagnóstico.

Is serum PSA a predictor of male hypogonadism? Testing the hypothesis

ABSTRACT Objective: Male hypogonadism (MH) is common among infertile men. Besides testosterone, limited MH biomarkers are available, while researchers have suggested the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to help diagnose MH. Hence, we sought to evaluate the potential use of PSA to predict MH among relatively young men with infertility in Nigeria. Materials and methods: The study included 707 male partners (35-44 years) in infertile couples seeking infertility evaluation at a third-level care center in Nigeria. MH was diagnosed using standard guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and regression analyses explored the potential of serum free PSA (fPSA) and total PSA (tPSA) in predicting MH and MH-related clinical features. Results: In all, 29.7% of the patients had MH (MH+ve). The MH+ve group had lower mean values of fPSA and tPSA than the group without MH (MH-ve). The best fPSA threshold of < 0.25 μg/L compared with the best tPSA threshold of < 0.74 μg/L had higher accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.908 versus 0.866, respectively), sensitivity (87% versus 83%, respectively), and specificity (42% versus 37%, respectively) for MH diagnosis. After adjustment for confounders, fPSA level ≤ 0.25 μg/L was more likely to predict MH-related decreased libido (odds ratio [OR] 2.728, p<0.001) and erectile dysfunction (OR 3.925, p<0.001) compared with tPSA ≤ 0.74 μg/L in the MH+ve group. Conclusion: For MH diagnosis, fPSA and tPSA had good sensitivity but very poor specificity, although fPSA had better potential for MH diagnosis and association with MH-related clinical features than tPSA. Hence, fPSA could complement other biomarkers for MH diagnosis in men 35-44 years, although we recommend further studies to confirm these findings.

Evaluation of representative research works in pharmaceutical field based on Z-index model / 中国药科大学学报

@#This paper aims to explore the feasibility of establishing a representative work screening method based on the academic recognition of the paper. Through comparative analysis of the strong and weak points of representative method, h-index core method, the subjective selection results by faculty applying for higher professional titles, and the academic recognition method established in this research (Q1 Journal-Percentile in Subject Area-Category Normalized Citation Impact, Q1-PSA-CNCI), representative works were introduced into the Z-index to form the Zh, Zr and Zq-index, and the correlations between the indicators were analyzed. Compared with other methods, the number of representative works obtained by the Q1-PSA-CNCI method is more reasonable. There was significant correlation among the indicators (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in the Zq-index among faculty evaluated for different professional titles (P > 0.05). Studies have shown that the Q1-PSA-CNCI method could help to screen representative works and was more reasonable than the number of representative works selected based on the other two methods, so Zq-index could be used as an indicator for representative work evaluation to provide reference for the qualitative evaluation of papers. It is more reasonable to improve the review process with the participation of "small peers".

Histopathological study of prostatic lesions in correlation with serum prostate specific antigen levels in elderly men

Background: Prostatic lesions are common among elderly men with urinary complaints. Variety of prostatic lesions range from inflammatory, benign to malignant pathologies. The Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is secreted by glandular epithelium of prostate shows raised serum levels in these pathologies. Usually significant rise is commonly associated with Prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCa) with exceptions.Methods: In this retrospective study, total 63 diagnosed cases of prostatic lesions over a one-year period for which serum PSA levels were available, were selected. Cases without serum PSA levels & inadequate biopsies were excluded. Histological diagnosis of prostatic lesions reconfirmed and its correlation with serum PSA was done.Results: Study included patients with mean age 67.84 years (range: 48-60) at the time of diagnosis. Benign lesions were commonest prostatic lesions accounting for total 54 cases (85.71%) out of which 38 were of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 14 cases of BPH with prostatitis while single case each for BPH with granulomatous prostatitis and basal cell hyperplasia. Mean PSA value for benign lesions was 6.57 ng/ml. Total 8 were malignant which included 7 (11.11%) PCa while single (1.59%) case of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. Mean PSA for PCa were 35.05 ng/ml. Single case (1.59%) of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia also detected.Conclusion: Common age group at the time of presentation of prostatic pathologies is 60-70 years. The most common prostatic lesions are benign predominantly BPH. PCa are commonest malignancies. Elevated PSA levels >20 ng/ml are commonly observed in PCa. However lower or normal values don’t rule out PCa.

Prostatic FNAC, Evaluation as a Diagnostic Tool and Correlation with Serum Prostate Specific Antigen.

BACKGROUND For proper diagnosis of prostatic diseases there are many investigations starting from per rectal examination, transurethral cystoscopy, fine needle aspiration cytology, six quadrants core biopsy, serum enzymes estimation like prostate specific antigen and acid phosphatase and ultrasound examination. Out of these, only FNAC and core biopsy prostatic tissue can be examined for final diagnosis. For examination of core biopsy, a complete histopathology set up is required with a trained technician but FNAC is a simple outpatient procedure where no trained technician is required. It requires only few reagents and a qualified pathologist. Since geriatric population is increasing day by day and prostatic adenocarcinoma is now second commonest malignancy in males, diagnosis is very important to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by this disease.METHODSThe study group consisted of 40 patients who presented with symptoms of obstructive uropathy and on DRE (Direct Rectal Examination) had prostatic enlargement. FNAC was done with Franzen canula using non aspiration technique and serum PSA was done by ELISA method. RESULTSAll the patients in our study were above 50 yrs. of age. Out of 40 cases 5 cases were of prostatitis they were mostly bellow 70 yrs. of age. 10 BHP and 25 prostatic adenocarcinomas. The carcinoma cases were almost all above the age of 70 yrs. BHP and carcinoma cases were correlated with histopathology whereas prostatitis cases were followed up clinically. Our sensitivity for benign lesion was 100% and for malignancy 92%. The serum PSA was up to 6.8 ng/ml in benign conditions and above 10 ng/ml in adenocarcinomas.CONCLUSIONSFNAC prostate is very sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool. It is painless OPD procedure without complications and can be done easily in any small setup, where facility of histopathology is not available. The procedure is well accepted by geriatric population due to its simplicity and being a painless OPD procedure. Serum PSA cannot be used as screening test for prostatic carcinoma but can be used for prognostic indicator.

Application of PSA and related indicators in early screening of prostate cancer / 上海预防医学

Objective Serum total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA), free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA), fPSA/tPSA ratio, and prostate cancer-specific antigen density (PSAD) were determined to explore the best identification point, thus improving the specificity of early screening of prostate cancer. Methods The tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia group (n=250) and prostate cancer group (n=92) were tested, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine the best cutoff value for the evaluation. Results When the cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were at 11.3 mg/L, 0.16, and 0.18 mg/(L·cm3), respectively, the specificity and sensitivity were the best:82.4% and 84.2% for tPSA, 76.9% and 81.7% for fPSA/tPSA, and 83.1% and 80.4% for PSAD.When the best cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were combined in analysis, the specificity and sensitivity of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD combination showed the best result (92.4% and 81.4%, respectively).When the tPSA value was in the range of 4-10 mg/L, the optimal cutoff values of PSAD and fPSA/tPSA were 0.21 mg/(L·cm3) and 0.15, and the specificity and sensitivity reach the best, which were 84.1% and 80.1%, 81.0 % and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusion Combination of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and PSAD analysis is better than any single of them in early screening of prostate cancer.The specificity and sensitivity of combined use of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD could serve as an optimal screening reference value.

Evaluation of Prostate Specific Antigen Levels and Its Correlation with Histopathological Findings in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar

Background: Diseases primarily inflicting prostate gland areinflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer.Prostate specific antigen is a glycoprotein and is expressed byboth normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. It has been widelyused in the diagnosis and management of patients withprostatic cancer. Studies from various research workersdiscuss the proportion of prostatic disorder among Indianstates like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Gujrat etc butthere is paucity of data from the rural areas. The present studywas conducted to find out the patterns of prevalence ofprostatic lesions among people of Rohtas district of Bihar andto correlate histology with respect to serum PSA levels inbiopsy specimens of men with prostatic disease.Materials and Methods: The study included 153 prostatictissue specimens (both transurethral resection of the prostateand prostatic biopsies) received in the Department ofPathology, over the period of 2-year from October 2017 toSeptember 2019. Relevant clinical data and serum PSA valuewas recorded, and Gleason’s microscopic grading was used tograde malignant lesions. Statistical analysis was performed inMicrosoft office excel 2007.Results: Mean age of presentation was 63 ± 10.56 years withmaximum incidence in the seventh decade of life. Onhistopathological examination, 52.9% had benign prostatichyperplasia, 35.9% had BPH with chronic prostatitis and 8.5%had adenocarcinoma. Other lesions encountered were highgrade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (3 cases), sarcomatoidcarcinoma (1 case). Inflammatory pathology (55/153) wascommon at all PSA levels. Patients with PSA >20 ng/ml werewere more likely to show cancer. There exists a positivecorrelation between the increasing PSA levels and chances ofadenocarcinoma, the findings were statistically significant.Conclusion: Our study suggests that most frequentlyencountered prostatic lesion was BHP, commonly seen in theage group of 51-60 year The malignant lesions were commonamong the males of more than 60 years. Strong correlation ofprostate specific antigen levels of > 20.1 ng/ml with carcinomaprostate was seen.

Comparison of Old Gleason Score with Modified Gleason Score and Correlation of Needle Biopsy of Prostate with PSA

Introduction: The prostate gland is a secondary sex, exocrineorgan that is an integral part of the human male reproductivesystem. There are three main diseases of the prostate:prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer.The new grading system for prostate cancer has obviousbenefits that is: it has more accurate grade stratification thanthe current Gleason system. PSA is serine protease producedby ductal and acinar epithelial cells of normal, hyperplastic,and malignant tissue of the prostate. To study morphologicfeatures of the benign and malignant lesions of prostate,histopathological correlation of benign and malignant lesionsof prostate with serum PSA level, compare new Gleasongrading system with old Gleason grading system.Material and Methods: All the needle biopsies and TURPspecimens submitted to the histopathology laboratory,Department of Pathology, Government medical college, Kotaduring the period from January 2014 to june 2016. We receivedtotal 445 prostate biopsies and TURP specimen from January2014 to June 2016 at our department of pathology, Govt.Medical College, Kota and were examined with haematoxylinand eosin and compare new gleason grading system with oldgleason grading system.Results: On histopathological examination of total 441cases, the majority of cases 323 (73.24%) were benign, 109(24.72%) cases were malignant and 9 (2.04%) cases were pureinflammatory lesions.Conclusion: We observed continuous and significant risingtrend of prostate malignancy from year 2014 to june 2016.Prostatic carcinoma is the malignant neoplasm of aging menmaximum number of prostatic carcinoma were found in agegroup 61-70 yr. Majority (14 cases; 12.84%) of carcinomaprostate cases were found to be associated with PSA level>100.0 ng/ml. In present study majority of cases had Gleasonscore 6 (48%) followed by Gleason score 7 (29%), Gleasonscore 8 (13%), Gleason score 5 (4%), Gleason score 9 (3%)and least one cases in Gleason score 2, 4 and PIN.

Role Of Vitamin D And Risk Of Prostate Cancer

Background:Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone and well-known for its classical actions in the maintenance of calcium uptake and bone metabolism. Recently, numerous in vitro experiments demonstrated that 1,25-(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, inhibited the growth and differentiation of human prostate cancer cells. Aim:To estimate vitamin D level in prostate cancer patients along with increasing risk. Material & Methods :100 samples along with control were analysed by cobas e-411 for Vitamin D and PSA.Results:we have found Higher risk of prostate cancer who having low vitamin D.Conclusion:it's time to aware people for supplementation of Vitamin D, so we can prevent for the same.

Densidad del antígeno prostático en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata / Prostate antigen density in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

El cáncer de próstata es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, el cual clásicamente se sospecha por alteració en el antígeno prostático (PSA) y/o tacto rectal (TR) y se confirma con biopsia prostática. No obstante, existen otros marcadores como la densidad del PSA (DPSA) que se emplean para determinar la necesidad de una biopsia. Objetivo: Verificar la utilidad actual de la DPSA como herramienta diagnóstica para cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, tipo transversal, la selección de la muestra se efectuó mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional, quedando integrada por el número de pacientes con criterios de biopsia prostática que acudieron al Servicio de Urología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas durante los meses de junio -julio del 2014. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS/PC versión 25.0. Resultados: El estudio estuvo conformado por 100 pacientes con edad media de 65±7,7. La tasa de detección de cáncer de próstata fue del 38% tomando en cuenta los criterios convencionales (PSA y TR), sin embargo, cuando el criterio es la DPSA se redujo el número de pacientes a 33 de los cuales el 69,7% (n 23) presentaron cáncer de próstata. Conclusión: La DPSA es una herramienta útil para ser usada como criterio para la realización de biopsia prostática con una tasa de detección general del 60,52% lo cual supera por si sola a los métodos de despistaje convencionales como lo son el valor del PSA y el tacto rectal(AU)

Prostate cancer is a public health problem worldwide, which is classically suspected due to alteration in prostatic antigen (PSA) and / or rectal examination (RE) and confirmed by prostate biopsy. However, there are other markers such as PSA density (DPSA) that are used to determine the need for a biopsy. Objective: To verify the actual usefulness of PSA density as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer. Methods: Prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, the selection of the sample was performed by intentional nonprobabilistic sampling, being composed of the number of patients with prostate biopsy criteria who attended the department of urology at University Hospital in Caracas during the months of june -july 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS / PC Version 25.0 program. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: e study consisted of 100 patients with a mean age of 65 ± 7.7. e detection rate of prostate cancer was 38% taking into account the conventional criteria (PSA and RE), however when the criterion is the DPSA the number of patients was reduced to 33 of which 69.7% (n 23) prostate cancer. Conclusion: e DPSA is a useful tool to be used as a criterion for performing a prostate biopsy overall detection rate of 60.52% which exceeds by itself to conventional screening methods such as the value of PSA and DRE(AU)

Formulation And Evaluation Of Copper Nanoparticles Loaded Microsponges

Microsponges become imperative in the field of targeted drug delivery and in other biomedical applications. There was a clamant need for designing microsponges incorporating with green synthesised metal nanoparticles rather than the chemical drug in order to reduce the side effects of the drug and thus increasing the effectiveness of nature of the whole material. It provokes us to design this novel approach of loading copper nanoparticles into the microsponges. Here in this work, microsponges based on ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol were synthesised by Quasi-Emulsion Solvent diffusion method in which copper nanoparticles procured from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract was incorporated. The Loaded microsponges were characterised by High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM) and Particle size distribution Analyzer (PSA). The Drug content and Entrapment Efficiency of the microsponges were found out. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the loaded microsponges were evaluated.